Aliarcobacter butzleri is an emerging foodborne and zoonotic pathogen, yet many of its encoded proteins remain functionally uncharacterized. This lack of annotation limits understanding of its molecular mechanisms and hampers the identification of novel therapeutic targets. In this study, we systematically performed functional annotation of essential hypothetical proteins from the BNI-3166 strain using an integrative-in-silico approach to uncover potential drug and vaccine candidates. 2,367 protein-coding sequences were retrieved from the RefSeq database and were identified 356 as hypothetical proteins. Using BLASTp, we screened these HPs against the Database of Essential Genes and the human proteome to identify essential non-homologous proteins, resulting in 20 ENH candidates. Functional annotation was performed using several domain-based databases, including Pfam, InterPro, SMART, and SUPERFAMILY. Subsequently, physicochemical properties were analyzed and predicted subcellular localization using PSORTb and CELLO. To assess druggability, the ChEMBL database was used. Virulence factors using VFDB, VICMpred, and VirulentPred 2.0 were also predicted. Gene Ontology annotations were generated via ARGOT2.5. Furthermore, we explored protein-protein interactions using STRING and predicted tertiary structures with AlphaFold3. Moreover, Ligand binding pockets were predicted using PrankWeb, and antigenicity of vaccine candidates was assessed using VaxiJen v2.0. We identified 20 essential non-homologous hypothetical proteins, of which 10 were confidently annotated based on conserved domain analysis. These proteins were classified as enzymes, binding proteins, transporters, regulatory proteins, and potential virulence factors. Among them, eight exhibited characteristics of promising drug targets, while two showed potential as vaccine candidates based on subcellular localization. Druggability analysis revealed that nine proteins had no similarity to known drug targets, suggesting novel therapeutic potential. Predicted 3D structures generated using AlphaFold3 yielded pTM scores ranging from 0.44 to 0.92, indicating acceptable to high modeling confidence. Ligand binding site analysis confirmed druggability in six candidates, and antigenicity screening identified one protein as a potential vaccine target. This study provides a computational framework for identifying functionally important proteins in A. butzleri BNI-3166 and highlights novel therapeutic candidates for experimental validation, offering new directions in drug and vaccine development against this underexplored pathogen.
Key words: Aliarcobacter butzleri, Drug Target Identification, Functional Annotation, Hypothetical Proteins, In Silico Analysis
Received: 08.07.2025; Accepted: 01.09.2025; Early view: 24.09.2025 Published: 10.01.2026
DOI: 10.62063/ecb-66
Citation: Paul, S., Barua, S., & Barua, J.D. (2026). In-silico functional annotation and structural characterization of hypothetical proteins from Aliarcobacter butzleri BNI-3166: Insights into novel virulence and drug targets. The European chemistry and biotechnology journal, 5, 22-39. https://doi.org/10.62063/ecb-66
The copyrights of the studies published in The European Chemistry and Biotechnology Journal (EUCHEMBIOJ) belong to their authors
This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0)(https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/).
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I’ll assume you want a feature (e.g., app/web page or media-player feature) to download and manage the episode "Doctor Mohini (2022) Season 1 Episode -18". I'll design a concise, actionable feature spec for that use-case. If you meant something else, say so.
Starring: Anupama Prakash, Himanshi Singh, and Pooja Kashyap 📖 Plot and Cast
Doctor Mohini | Dialogue Promo | Latest Hindi Web Series 2022
While the desire to download or stream specific episodes like "Doctor Mohini -2022- S01 -Episode 18" is understandable, it's crucial to prioritize legal and safe methods. Not only does this ensure a quality viewing experience, but it also supports the creators and adheres to legal standards. Always opt for official streaming platforms or digital storefronts for your entertainment needs. By doing so, you contribute to a healthier digital ecosystem for content creators and consumers alike.
Download the Episode: If available, you'll see a download option. Click on it to start downloading the episode.
Streaming Context: Similar to other adult-oriented series like those found on the Ullu app or Dangal Play, this show is typically available through specific subscription-based apps or regional digital channels.
If you're looking for information on the TV show "Doctor Mohini," I can suggest some general details. "Doctor Mohini" is a popular Indian television series that aired in 2022. The show revolves around the life of Dr. Mohini, a doctor who faces various challenges in her personal and professional life.
Use Antivirus Software: If you do decide to download from any source, ensure you have reliable antivirus software to protect your device.